JAMstack is a new way of creating highly reactive and performant web applications. In the web development platform, JAMstack architecture brings groundbreaking advancements. It offers the ultimate solution for content-heavy sites where ensuring on-demand scalability, high-end security, top-notch performance is crucial.
JAMstack solves the shortcomings that appear in the traditional dynamic sites(e.g. WordPress, Drupal) and presents a fantastic digital experience to the users. 

On top of that, JAMstack web development methodology allows better developer experiences; empowers the web engineering community to create great websites and applications easily and robustly.


Seems exciting! Let's dive right into the article to know deeper about JAMstack: 

## What Does JAM stand for in JAMstack?
The concept of JAMstack was first brought up by Mathias Biilmann, CEO of Netlify in 2015. “JAMstack” was previously written as “JAMStack” where “JAM” stands for Javascript, API, and Markup. 

**Javascript:** Javascript in the browser for implementing extra functionality and dynamic features such as to request or response processing. You can use Javascript framework or library or even plain javascript.

**APIs:** APIs handle all database operations and server-side operations. These can be your custom-made functions or third-party services which are accessed over HTTPS via Javascript. 

**Markup:** Website content is served as Static HTML files and generated by the Static Site Generator such as Gatsby, Hugo, Jekyll, Next.js, etc, or from source files.


## What is JAMstack exactly?
Simply put, JAMstack is an advanced web development architecture for building static websites and web applications based on client-side JavaScript, reusable APIs, prebuilt Markup, and headless content management systems (CMS). 

Static web/apps do not mean that these are without dynamic functionality. It means that the JAMstack site consists of a set of "pre-built" files (namely HTML, JS, and CSS files) that are directly served on request. 

In practice, JAMstack sites are dynamically generated static sites, where pre-rendered static pages are served via a content delivery network (CDN).  Interoperability is made dynamic via the synthesis of APIs and JavaScript frameworks.


## What is the point of JAMstack Development?
JAMstack is not like other traditional web development approaches that heavily rely on servers, plugins, and databases. Unlike traditional CMSs such as Drupal, WordPress, Joomla; JAMstack works without being tightly coupled to the backend server.
 
JAMstack site splits up the code (JavaScript), the site infrastructure (APIs), and the content (Markup). It literally follows decoupled architecture to make a  clear split between server-side and client-side code. 

The main idea behind JAMstack architecture is to reduce dependency on the server by pushing as many as loads to the client-side browser and serving pre-generated static files over CDNs. This method reduces server requests and immediately renders content without any backend delays.


## How do JAMstack Applications Handle Backend Functions?
In web development, the frontend is the part that the end-user interacts with directly and is also called the client-side.

Backend is the part that the end-user won't see and is composed of servers, applications, and databases. It is also known as server-side. 

And, JAMstack projects clearly separate the frontend pages and UI from the backend apps and databases. JavaScript and Markup work out to handle the frontend functionality without relying on the backend server; despite that, JAMstack apps need backend functions in order to work. For example, payment service processing needs to be backed up by server-side code.

Jamstack applications use a partially or fully serverless backend. Serverless doesn’t literally mean entirely operating without a server. It refers to JAMstack developers do not have to construct their own server and backend applications for backend handling. Serverless functions are small, reusable snippets of code that are marked as APIs. APIs are used for any backend functionality.

JAMstack projects are served directly from a content delivery network (CDN) and handle backend by calling third-party APIs via Javascript. 

It calls various APIs when necessary, otherwise, it does not need backend support. Pre-built APIs run on demand to make the websites and apps work. 

Whenever developers want to develop new functionality for an app, they create a new API. This API can be reused for different purposes. Hence they only need to construct the API once in order to use it in future applications. 

## Why use the JAMstack architecture?
The JAMstack architecture has many advantages over other development approaches. JAMstack provides satisfactory solutions in terms of the limitations of other existing methodologies. It simplifies web development and provides optimized services for almost all kinds of web apps and sites. Here are listed the Key benefits of using Jamstack:

- **Improved Overall Performance:** JAMstack websites get generated at deploy time and serve over CDNs. Since there is no need to generate database queries every time to render information to the end-user, it ensures blazing fast speed. Moreover, JAMstack architecture is designed to integrate with third-party reusable APIs and JAMstack-ready headless CMS. All these present Jamstack with enhanced performance.
- **Highly Scalable:** JAMstack introduces highly scalable stack architecture. Instead of heavy server or database processing, it serves over powerful CDN. CDN services have no limitations like normal servers and you will need much fewer resources to scale your website.
- **Higher Security:** The decoupling method reduces the risk of security breaches. Any security flaws in front-end code will not affect backend applications. All server-side processes turned into microservice APIs and these are mostly read-only. Hence, there is no or very little risk of hacker attacks. 
- **Lower Costs:** JAMstack sites are cost-effective. It provides a way to work with servers that’s cheaper than building your own. Traditional web development methods involve hosting on a dedicated server whereas JAMstack sites rely on serverless computing. Powerful CDN offers hosting services for static files at a cheap rate or even free.
- **Better Developer Experience:** JAMstack is not about specific technology that follows a set of rules or certain platforms with limitations. Developers get full flexibility to develop their own tech stack. The decoupling pattern allows front-end developers to focus on the front-end without worrying about backend functionality. Jamstack microservices and reusable APIs make the web development workflow much simpler than before. All these means quicker, easier, and more targeted web development procedure.
- **Enhanced SEO:** SEO does not only rely on content and keyword optimization it also requires technical soundness like fast loading speed and tight security. JAMstack sites load rapidly and respond to user requests without delay. JAMstack sites guarantee a great user experience and high-grade security that helps with SEO.

## Why not to use JAMstack architecture? 
Definitely, JAMstack methodology provides lots of advantages and boosts modern web development. In spite of everything, like any other technology, it also has some limitations that you should consider before migrating to JAMstack. The main drawbacks are mentioned below:

- **Content Customization not Editor-Friendly:** JAMstack isn't suitable for non-developer professionals like content editors and marketers; since JAMstack lacks of user-friendly GUI.  Editing content is difficult. JAMstack sites serve content as Markup so editors need technical skills to create and update content because the content is served as Markup. editors need to be trained to work with the platform. These may slow down the content production rate.
- **Not Suitable for Any Type of Project:** JAMstack will not be the best solution for a web/app that relies heavily on user-generated content and also for the sites that need to update content constantly(such as news sites). JAMstack presents with complex and difficult implementation process to maintain the overall performance; every time Jamstack needs to fulfill the requirements using client-side API calls. You may find less difficult solutions in other web development platforms.
- **Largely Depends on Third-Party System:** JAMstack sites rely on third-party services heavily. besides, to implement any new features like payment processing, online store, comments, authentication, galleries, polls, you depend on a client-side third-party solution. Your site’s functionality may go live or die depending on the third-party provider; since Jamstack requires third-party systems and APIs to a great extent. If a third-party service or API goes down, you will get limited chances to fix the issues.
- **API Complexity:** When your site requires dynamic features you have to do it with your own code or API calls. As JAMstack architecture needs APIs for the dynamic feature; API complexity seems like a drawback of it. Without having a server-side database, it requires more API resources for backend functionality.  Additionally, sometimes it’s hard to choose the best one from so many third-party APIs for a specific feature. 
- **Any Update Needed by Developer:** JAMstack is more dev-friendly than non-tech users. Developers are fully responsible to handle any incremental changes. All features and design updates require developers' support. It means whenever any changes are demanded after deploying a JAMstack web/app, developers need to be involved and contribute time.


## Wrapping Up
JAMstack architecture provides a way to build a perfectly functional website with better performance, higher security, lower cost of scaling, and a better developer experience.

The decoupled architecture brings solutions to many websites in terms of database vulnerabilities. The biggest advantage to the JAMstack approach is that the front-end user experience.  Along with a more targeted development strategy and “serverless" engineering JAMstack enables brands to save cost and have a more smooth deployment process.





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What is JAMStack? What does JAMStack stand for? Why and why not to use it? Learn everything about the static site generator here in this article.

What is JAMStack | StaticMania

What is JAMStack?

What a time we are living in! A lot of things are coming back, bringing back nostalgia. Wondering why I am talking about nostalgia and all? Especially when it is supposed to be an article on websites! Well, because some old famous website technology is coming back too. Yes, I am talking about static websites.

Long ago, almost all websites were used to be static sites during the early days of the internet. Then dynamic sites came and blew the space. A lot of websites shifted to it. Obviously dynamic sites have their advantages. But static sites are making a comeback. And it’s coming stronger than before. In this article, you will cover the basics of static websites like what is a static website, what are the advantages, and when you should use a static website. Let’s kick things off.

## The Definition: What is a Static Website
The reason it is called a static website is that it shows the same content to all the visitors. Static sites contain fixed contents coded in HTML that are stored on a web server. This is the most basic form of website that uses server-side rendering. That means the website shows exactly what is stored. Unlike dynamic sites where individual users get customized content on their screen.

A static website is basically a set of HTML files, where each file constitutes a single web page. So when you visit a web page, it is actually an HTML file you are viewing, just that, you see a well-designed user interface rather than lines of complex codes. For example, if you visit a website’s home page, it is the “Homepage file” you are browsing through.

## Why Choose a Static Website over Dynamic Site
Now the question stands, why you should go for a static website? Especially why should you choose it while dynamic sites offer a lot to offer when it comes to building a website. Yes, dynamic sites are dynamic in many ways. But, there have to be some reasons that the static sites are regaining their popularity in the last few years. Here, we have pointed out some high points why you should choose a static website. Let’s find out why static sites have an edge over dynamic websites.

### Performance: Faster Loading Speed
Static websites are way faster than dynamic ones. As they don’t have a back-end system, there is no time loss due to database connection. Instead, the lightweight, pre-rendered HTML files load incredibly fast.

But why fast loading is important? According to [Neil Patel](https://neilpatel.com/blog/loading-time/), 47% of people on the internet expect a web page to load in less than 2 seconds. While 40% of consumers abandon websites that take longer than 3 seconds to load. Therefore, you have to take serious consideration while choosing your website platform. And there is no better alternative than a static site when it comes to performance. Based on the internet connection and how optimized your site is, you can make it load in no time on the user’s browser.

### Less Server-side Dependencies
Dynamic site CMS like WordPress has a greater dependency. They require an operating system like Linux, a web server like Nginx or Apache, PHP with web server configurations and associated extensions, MySQL database, and so on. When you hire a host, you have to depend on the hosting service to update PHP and MySQL more frequently to avoid security vulnerabilities.
In contrast, static websites have fewer server-side dependencies. Any web server can host a static site as long as they can return HTML files. So you can now find a hosting that gives you the chance of expansion instead of managing your CMS.

### Flexibility: More Freedom to Develop Websites
Unlike dynamic websites, you don’t have to depend on plugins to add functionalities to your static site. Instead, you can create or include features directly into files. Or, you can insert widgets using a snippet.

Besides, building a static site is easier than dynamic ones, so do its maintenance. You can render a static website using several programming languages and frameworks like JavaScript, Ruby, ReactJS, and so on. In short, you have great flexibility to build, maintain, and add features to a static website.

### Security: A More Secure Website
Dynamic sites have a lot to depend on the database including security. As the entire system is connected, a breach in the database security can cause fatal consequences. When it comes to a static site, its content database is independent of the front-end web interface. This arrangement leaves less scope for the hackers to enter the system. And makes your website more secure. Also, not having to depend on CMS plugins is another reason that static sites are more secure than dynamic sites.

### Scalability: Capability to Handle Massive Traffic
If there’s a sudden hike in user traffic, static websites can accommodate them all smoothly. This is essential when you have a growing business and it is expanding day-to-day. The traffic will be increasing, and your website must have the capability to handle that. As for static websites, they are easily scalable. Just by increasing the bandwidth, static sites can be easily scaled up.

### Hosting and Pricing: Saves Your Budget For Good
Hosting service charges according to the space your website acquires on the server. When it comes to static sites, the basic HTML files take little to no space. That cuts down the hosting cost for you. Thereby, you can spend money on quality services like speed, security, and higher bandwidth allocation.

### Reliability: Makes Using Website Hassle-Free
Database connection errors are a frequent hassle that happens to websites. You must have seen this message, “Failed to establish a database connection”. This doesn’t happen when you are using a static site. It is obvious, how can a database error occur on a website that doesn’t use a database?

However, the reliability of static sites goes beyond database error. The best thing about serving HTML files is that you can host them anywhere easily like on a CDN. Therefore, in case of an attack on the server, the static website is redirected to another nearest node. That makes static websites more reliable.

## Who needs a Static Website?
Yes, a static website may have all its benefits, but is it suitable for you? That’s a big question. It depends on why you are going to build a website, what purpose it will serve. That’s why you must when you should use a static website.

The followings are the common applications where using the static website is the best choice.
- Blog sites- 
- Small business websites
- Websites Under-Development
- Personal Portfolio sites
- Websites that contain basic information


### Takeaway
Being a fast loading and more secure website, you can choose a static website for beginner to medium level workload. Hopefully, you have got the answer to what is a static website and why should you use it. Decide carefully does static sites are enough for your need. 

If you choose the static website, you can check our article on JAMStack, the static site generator that provides a way to build a perfectly functional website with better performance, higher security, lower cost of scaling, and a better developer experience.

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Are you interested in building static websites? Here is everything you need to know from what is a static website to why use it and everything in between.

What is a Static Website | StaticMania

What is a Static Website?

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