On a website, the essential section is the Navigation bar. It can be shown either as a sidebar menu or a topbar menu. In both cases, the primary purpose is to navigate through pages. Hugo is built with many tools and templates to start and run quickly. Hugo provides all of the functions to create a menu. Unfortunately, Hugo does not provide any default structure for the Nested menu. However, we can customize them by following simple steps to fit our needs. 

To add nested Navigation, We have to follow the following steps:

First, configure config.toml file to add a menu on the website.

Create a layouts/partials/header.html ** to add html for the menu or submenu.

Use  layouts/partials/header.html ** On layouts/_defaults/baseof.html template.

Update CSS to show the menu according to the design.

Add the following codes in the config.toml file. You should understand everything in [[menu.Main]]. We will discuss the codes below.

[Menu]
 [[menu.Main]]
  identifier = "home"
  name = "Home"
  url = "/blog"
  weight = 1
 [[menu.Main]]
  identifier = "blog"
  name = "Blog"
  url = "/blog"
  weight = 2
    [[menu.Main]]
      name = "Blog1"
      url = "/blog/1"
      parent = "blog"
      weight = 1
    [[menu.Main]]
      name = "Blog2"
      url = "/blog/2"
      parent = "blog"
      weight = 2
    [[menu.Main]]
      name = "Blog3"
      url = "/blog/3"
      parent = "blog"
      weight = 3

identifier must be the unique name of the menu. It is used to identify menu, submenu and their relation by Hugo internally. Later we will link a submenu by using this name in parent.

name should be the name shown as the navigation item name.

url is a relative URL that will be opened when you click on the navigation item.

weight is for sequencing the menu items. less weight in a menu means it will appear first in the navigation item. The same applies to nested menus.

parent is used in submenu items only to tell who is the submenu's parent. In parent, we use the identifier name to tell who the parent is and for which menu this will be the sub-menu.

Go to the theme/themeName folder. Find out layouts folder. Enter into it. Find out partials folder. Enter into it and create a header.html file. Open it with a code editor. Now paste the following codes 

<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
  <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
  </button>
  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
    <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
      {{ $current := . }}
        {{ range .Site.Menus.main }}
          {{ $active := or ($current.IsMenuCurrent "main" .) ($current.HasMenuCurrent "main" .) }}
          {{if .HasChildren }}
            <li class="nav-item dropdown">
              <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
                {{.Name}}
              </a>
              <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
                {{ range .Children }}
                    <li class="{{ if $active }}active{{ end }}">
                        <a href="{{ .URL }}" class="dropdown-item">{{ .Name }}</a>
                    </li>
                {{ end }}
              </ul>
            </li>
          {{ else }}
          <li class="nav-item {{ if $active }}active{{ end }}">
            <a class="nav-link" href="{{.URL | absURL}}">{{.Name}}</a>
          </li>
          {{ end }}
        {{ end }}
    </ul>
  </div>
</nav>

Use  layouts/partials/header.html ** On layouts/_defaults/baseof.html template.
To use  layouts/partials/header.html ** On layouts/_defaults/baseof.html template, just use the following code inside the <body></body> tag  

Use  CSS to give style to the menu
Feel free to add CSS code to your CSS file according to your needs to get certain navigation styles. As we use a bootstrap navbar, we will get an excellent navbar style automatically.

To make it simple, I use the default bootstrap navbar. Click here to learn more about bootstrap. You can feel free to use others or create your own. Thanks for reading. This tutorial will help you achieve your goal of making a nested menu. 

On a website, the essential section is the Navigation bar. It can be shown either as a sidebar menu or a topbar menu. In both cases, the primary purpose is to navigate through pages...

Here's a Hugo tutorial on how to add a nested navigation menu. You can add a sub-menu or nested menu to Hugo Website in a few simple steps...

How to Add Nested Navigation in Hugo?

How to Add Nested Navigation Menus in Hugo?

Typescript was introduced by Microsoft in 2012. It has been gaining massive popularity since its inception. According to Stack Overflow’s 2022 Developer Survey, TypeScript is fourth on the list of most-loved languages, and a large number of developers have expressed their interest in continuing to develop with it. 

More interestingly, according to another survey by stateofjs 2021, about 69% of JS programmers use TypeScript, and Other JavaScript flavors followed TypeScript by a large margin; the next was Elm at 2.4%, followed by Flow at 1.7% and CoffeeScript at 1.5%. But Why is TypeScript Rising Rapidly?

This article will take a closer look at what Typescript is and why TypeScript is so much more popular. If you are a developer wondering whether Typescript is worth learning or using in your next project, This insightful guide will help you on your way.

In layman's terms, TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript; Building on JavaScript by adding syntax for type declarations, classes, and other object-oriented features with type-checking. 

Its main purpose is to improve the productivity of developing complex applications where JavaScript fails to fulfill the need. It offers full JavaScript compatibility with new capabilities.

This object-oriented programming language is free and open-source. And TypeScript is a compiled language. It has a compilation tool to transpile it into Vanilla JavaScript. Thus, the executed code will be a JavaScript equivalent of the compiled TypeScript code.  

TypeScript inherits the major features of JavaScript but also offers additional benefits: 

Typescript adopts the basic syntax and building block of JavaScript. Developers who know JS can start using TS immediately. During the execution time, typescript files are converted into plain Javascript. Typescript supports JS libraries, frameworks, and tools. Besides, .js files can be converted into .ts to be compiled with typescript files.

TypeScript introduces optional strong static typing. You can define value types. Once declared, a variable does not change its type and can only take specific values.

Typescript also offers a type inference system through the TLS (TypeScript Language Service), The type of a variable, declared with no type, may be inferred by the TLS based on its value. 

TypeScript is a compiled language. The automated transpiling process translates TS code into JavaScript. The TypeScript compiler compiles TS files and outputs the JavaScript with a .js extension by keeping the same file name as the individual input file. The TypeScript compiler also preserves the original file path; hence the .js output file will be generated where the input file was in the directory structure. 

TypeScript is an object-oriented programming language. It supports concepts like classes, interfaces, inheritance, etc. And presents the advantages of object-oriented programming languages, such as easier troubleshooting, code reusability, productivity, data redundancy, code flexibility, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

TypeScript allows one to write understandable and clean code. strict options, variable, and function names declaration makes TS code readable. If you work in a team, writing a perfectly readable self-expressive code that your teammate can understand without direct communication is highly important. 

Rich Typescript IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) boost productivity and hasten development. IDEs make programmers' jobs easier and provide the tools to aid them in writing the code on their way. IDE presents a central interface with all the tools you’ll need, including a text editor, debuggers, and compilers. IDEs offer suggestions, auto-completion, easy code navigation, showing flags errors and feedback. Some popular IDEs are Visual Studio Code, Webstrom, NetBeans, etc.

TypeScript is aligned with the ECMAScript6 and ECMAScript7 specifications. TypeScript language features like Modules and class-based orientation are in line with the ES6 specification. Additionally, TypeScript also adopts features like generics and type annotations that aren’t a part of the EcmaScript6 specification.

TypeScript provides a transpiler with an error-checking feature and shows syntax errors in real time. Unlike JS, TS finds bugs during compile time rather than run time. Hence, it allows developers to catch errors before they become a problem in a production environment. It allows developers to avoid common errors like undefined and type errors. Whenever TypeScript finds an error, it tries to explain what went wrong in as much detail as possible. 

In fact, there is no severe disadvantage of TypeScript. But nothing is 100% perfect in the world. Likewise, Typescript has some flaws that are derived from its own powers. 

It has a longer learning curve than Javascript, you need to devote time and effort to know how to implement it properly.

Using type annotations everywhere in the code brings complexity and requires more time to add. Additional annotations make TS files larger than those written in plain JS.

When using a third-party library, there should be a definition file (“.d.ts” files for third-party libraries). But not all third-party libraries provide definition files, In that case, developers need to write and maintain the definition file for a particular library. Besides, the quality of the definition document matters if it doesn't contain proper statements. 

TypeScript requires compilation because browsers can’t interpret the TypeScript code. Compilation can be time-consuming. 

TypeScript isn't truly a strongly typed programming language like C#, C++, or Java. This feature is optional in typescript. Undefined value can be transpiled into untyped JS and can occur unwanted type conversion at runtime.

Not recommended for small projects or building prototype

The compiler can't find all the bugs thoroughly that lie within the code; therefore, Typescript help to reduce errors but does not provide complete bug inspection. 

TypeScript consists of three main components. Each of the components is divided into several subcomponents. 

Language:  It comprises syntax, keywords, and type annotations.

The TypeScript Compiler: The TypeScript compiler (TSC) converts the TypeScript program equivalent to its JavaScript code. It also performs error-checking, parsing, combining different files into a single output file, and creating source maps.

The TypeScript Language Services: It exposes an additional layer around the core-compiler pipeline. It provides interactive TypeScript experience in editor-like applications and tools for automated refactoring and IntelliSense. The language service supports the common set of typical editor operations like code formatting, statement completion, signature help, etc.

TypeScript ranks number eight in The PYPL Popularity of Programming Language Index. TypeScript is evolving rapidly, and the developer community is continually growing. One of the main reasons for the popularity of Typescript is excellent community support. A large number of Enthusiast developers are working towards strengthening the language. As a result, TypeScript's newer versions release new features and functionality from time to time. 

Big organisations like Bitpanda, AirBnB, Medium.com, Microsoft, Yahoo, TechCrunch, Huff Post, and more are employing this programming language. Popular software products, i.e. Asana, and Slack,  — switched to TypeScript to manage and maintain their large codebases.

Major and popular frameworks like angular, node, and react depend on Typescript. Hence, these frameworks also accelerate the popularity of TS.

In Google trends, The popularity of TypeScript is increased tremendously over the past five years.

Why Choose TypeScript for Your Next Project?

Typically, Typescript is designed to create high-level applications and improve the JS developer experience. It is stuffed with powerful features that provide developers with a seamless platform for handling complex applications. It is the best choice for a large project where a big team works collaboratively.

JavaScript is one of the most aging and famous scripting languages in the web development industry. Almost every web developer is familiar with JS. JS is widely used for front-end development and, in many cases, cannot meet the requirements for server-side development. Here TS is brought into light as an upgraded version of JavaScript with more power. 

TS eases a lot of the flaws created by JS. TS includes live-bug checking and static typing. JS normally doesn’t do anything toward pre-determination, but TS has the ability to quickly determine if there is a type-based error.

Furthermore, it is entirely free and supported by Microsoft's free code editor Visual Studio Code, the top open-source project on GitHub.  

TypeScript proves itself time and again for both front-end and back-end technology. TS code is more reliable and makes it easier to escape errors. It provides flexibility, safety, easier troubleshooting, code discoverability, refactoring, auto-completion, and many more. 

Typescript was introduced by Microsoft in 2012. It has been gaining massive popularity since its inception....

TypeScript is a new champion in the town & offers better tooling than JavaScript. Here is a guide on the basics of TypeScript, what TS is & why you should use it.

Why Is TypeScript Becoming So Big? Use TypeScript to Build Your Next Project!

Why Is Typescript Becoming So Big? Use Typescript to Build Your Next Project!

Taxonomies are classifications of logical relationships between content. It creates a group of content. By default, HUGO has two taxonomies. These are tags and categories. But you can create custom taxonomies also and disable taxonomies if you want.

Taxonomy is the classification and contains terms (consider as keys) and values assigned to terms. For example, within tags, we have the term“Professional ”

Hugo natively supports Taxonomies. Without configuring anything in config.toml file, Hugo will automatically create taxonomies for tags and categories. We have to just add these to our content file and give them values. Then use the proper code(we will discuss it later) and it will show these taxonomies.

Though Hugo provides us with default taxonomies, we can also add our own. To add custom taxonomies, we must define them in config.toml file. Remember, You need to provide both the plural and singular labels for each taxonomy. An example of adding a custom taxonomy named mood is given below.

[taxonomies]
  category = 'categories'
  tag = 'tags'
  mood = 'moods'

While adding custom taxonomies, you must also put in the default ones if you want to keep them.

Note: If you do not want Hugo to create any taxonomies, set disableKinds in your config.toml file to the following: 

G to the content folder. Inside the content folder, there will be .md file. We have to add taxonomies here. Terms of a Taxonomy are added in the front matter.  Simply create a variable using the plural name of taxonomy from config.toml file and assign all terms you want to apply to the content. Your code should look like the following codes.

Showing taxonomy on a page is very easy. You just have to use the following code.

{{ range .Params.tags  }}
   <a href="{{ "/tags/" | absURL }}{{ . | urlize }}"> {{ . }}</a>
{{ end }}

** Change tags according to your taxonomy name. For example, if the taxonomy name is moods, then the code will be like

{{ range .Params.moods  }}
   <a href="{{ "/moods/" | absURL }}{{ . | urlize }}"> {{ . }}</a>
{{ end }}

Showing Terms template and Taxonomy Template

Hugo automatically generates a taxonomy link for each taxonomy term. We have to just create the template properly and added them to the taxonomy term links. 

In the layouts folder at first, I have added a folder using the name of the taxonomy. In case your taxonomy name is “tags”, then create a folder naming tags inside the layouts folder. And the directory will be layouts/tags

Now to show all the terms of the taxonomy “tags“, First, we have to create a file terms.html.

Add the following codes to show all the terms pages on the terms.html page.

{{ define "main" }}
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        {{ range .Data.Terms.ByCount }}
        <div class="col-md-4 mb-3">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-body">
                    <div>
                        <a class="title is-5 is-size-6-mobile" href="{{ .Page.Permalink }}">{{ .Page.Title }}</a>
                        {{ $Totalpage:= len .Pages }}
                        <p>{{ $Totalpage }} post{{ if ne $Totalpage 1 }}s{{ end }} </p>
                    </div>
                </div>               
            </div>
        </div>
    {{ end }}
  </div>
</div>
{{ end }}

Note: To keep it simple I have used the bootstrap default layout. You can use others also or use your CSS code.

As we have added successfully the terms.html page and shown data there, all we need to add the taxonomy.html page. It will show all items of particular taxonomy terms. So, Create a file layouts/tags.taxonomy.html with only the main definition:

Inside the main definition, now write code to show data for the terms. These codes are the same as a list.html page. Suppose you have added tags for blogs, and to show their title, date and tags, then the code will be like the following codes.

{{define "main"}}
  <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
      {{ range .Pages }}
      <div class="col-md-4">
        <article class="card">
          <div class="card-header">
            <h2 class="blog_post_title"><a href="{{.Permalink}}">{{.Title}}</a></h2>
            <p>{{ .PublishDate.Format "2 January, 2006" }}</p>
              <ul class="list-inline ">
                {{ $taxo := "tags" }} 
                {{ with .Param $taxo }}
                    <strong>Tag{{ if gt (len .) 1 }}s{{ end }}:</strong>
                    {{ range $index, $director := . }}
                        {{- if gt $index 0 }}, {{ end -}}
                        {{ with $.Site.GetPage (printf "/%s/%s" $taxo $director) -}}
                        <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="{{ .Permalink }}">{{ $director }}</a></li>
                        {{- end -}}
                    {{- end -}}
                {{ end }}
              </ul>
          </div>
        </article>    
      </div>
      {{end}}
    </div>
  </div>
{{end}}

And that’s all. We have successfully created terms.html and taxonomy.html files for the taxonomy “tags”. For other taxonomies such as categories or any custom-made taxonomies, follow the same steps.

Taxonomies are classifications of logical relationships between content. It creates a group of content. By default, HUGO has two taxonomies. These are tags and categories.

Hugo includes two default taxonomies tags & categories; you can also create custom taxonomies. let's see how to configure & manage taxonomies on Hugo website.

How to Add Taxonomies to your Hugo Site?

Pagination is a handful option to show multiple items on a page. Hugo supports pagination for your homepage, section pages, and taxonomies. Adding pagination on Hugo site is pretty easy. There are two ways to add this. One is the default Hugo Pagination Template and another is a custom made pagination template.

To add an internal pagination template is very easy. Just include the default template on the page we want to add pagination. The default template code is:

By default, this will show 10 items or pages for each pagination number. We can also override it very easily. Just go to config.toml file and add a paginate parameter and give it a value. For example, the parameter value is given below.

Now, 6 items will be shown for each pagination number instead 10 items.

To add a custom pagination template, we have to create a pagination.html file. To do this,

{{ $paginator := $.Paginator }}

{{ $adjacent_links := 2 }}

{{ $max_links := (add (mul $adjacent_links 2) 1) }}

{{ $lower_limit := (add $adjacent_links 1) }}

{{ $upper_limit := (sub $paginator.TotalPages $adjacent_links) }}
 
{{ if gt $paginator.TotalPages 1 }}
<nav aria-label="Page navigation" class="w-100">
  <ul class="pagination justify-content-center pagination-lg">
    
    {{ if ne $paginator.PageNumber 1 }}
      <li class="page-item">
        <a class="page-link" href="{{ $paginator.First.URL }}">
      First
        </a>
      </li>
    {{ end }}
    
    {{ if $paginator.HasPrev }}
      <li class="page-item">
        <a class="page-link" href="{{ $paginator.Prev.URL }}" rel="next">
          ←
        </a>
      </li>
    {{ end }}
    
    {{ range $paginator.Pagers }}
      {{ $.Scratch.Set "page_number_flag" false }}
      
      {{ if gt $paginator.TotalPages $max_links }}
        
        
        {{ if le $paginator.PageNumber $lower_limit }}
          
          {{ if le .PageNumber $max_links }}
            {{ $.Scratch.Set "page_number_flag" true }}
          {{ end }}
        
        
        {{ else if ge $paginator.PageNumber $upper_limit }}
          
          {{ if gt .PageNumber (sub $paginator.TotalPages $max_links) }}
            {{ $.Scratch.Set "page_number_flag" true }}
          {{ end }}
        
        {{ else }}
          {{ if and ( ge .PageNumber (sub $paginator.PageNumber $adjacent_links) ) ( le .PageNumber (add $paginator.PageNumber $adjacent_links) ) }}
            {{ $.Scratch.Set "page_number_flag" true }}
          {{ end }}
        {{ end }}
      
      {{ else }}
        {{ $.Scratch.Set "page_number_flag" true }}
      {{ end }}
      
      {{ if eq ($.Scratch.Get "page_number_flag") true }}
        <li class="page-item{{ if eq . $paginator }} active{{ end }}">
          <a class="page-link" href="{{ .URL }}" >
            {{ .PageNumber }}
          </a>
        </li>
      {{ end }}
    {{ end }}
   
    {{ if $paginator.HasNext }}
    <li class="page-item">
      <a class="page-link" href="{{ $paginator.Next.URL }}" >
        →
      </a>
    </li>
    {{ end }}
    
    {{ if ne $paginator.PageNumber $paginator.TotalPages }}
    <li class="page-item">
      <a class="page-link" href="{{ $paginator.Last.URL }}">
  Last
      </a>
    </li>
    {{ end }}
  </ul>
  
</nav>
{{ end }}

Now go to the list page where pagination will be added. Suppose we want to add pagination on the blog page. Then go to the <HUGO ROOT>/themes/yourtheme/layouts/blog/list.html. First, embed codes that we want to show for pagination inside “{{ range .Paginator.Pages }}... {{end}} ”. If  we want to show only the title, then the code will be looked like the following codes:

and finally, now add the following code at the end or where pagination will be added.

Pagination is a very integral feature of any website. It allows users to easily move to the page that they want to view. We can use this on various posts, articles, blogs, etc. In Hugo, creating a pagination page is super easy. Furthermore, we can easily use it on various pages by simply calling them {{partial "pagination.html" .}} on that page. That’s all about adding pagination on the Hugo websites.

Pagination is a handful option to show multiple items on a page. Hugo supports pagination for your homepage, section pages, and taxonomies. Adding pagination on Hugo site is pretty easy....

Looking for a Hugo pagination tutorial? This guide will show you how to add pagination or paging to a Hugo theme in a few simple steps.

How to Add Pagination to a Hugo Theme

Markdown is favored for creating formatted web content. Markdown uses a simple formatting syntax and allows you to use signs and characters you're already familiar with. It is perfectly simple to write and extremely easy to read.  Here’s a quick explanation of what Markdown is, and how and where you can use it...

Markdown is a lightweight markup language. It’s a text-to-HTML conversion tool that allows web writers and publishers to add formatting syntax to plain text. Simply we can say Markdown is a super simple way to stylize text with special characters like asterisks, dashes, underscores, braces, etc. It provides an efficient way to format text and then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML). It even, lets anyone write and create web pages without any coding knowledge. 

Markdown was inspired by pre-existing conventions for marking up plain text in an email and USENET posts, such as the earlier markup languages Setext, Textile, and reStructuredText.

John Gruber designed Markup in collaboration with Aaron Swartz in 2004. John Gruber is well known for his Apple-focused blog and Aaron Swartz is a co-founder of Reddit. They aimed to create human-readable formatted documents, without looking like it has been marked up with tags or formatting instructions, unlike text formatted with ‘heavier’ markup languages, such as Rich Text Format (RTF) or HTML. 

JOHN GRUBER - co-founder of Markdown explains the philosophy of Markdown on his website Daring Fireball and mentioned that :

The overriding design goal for Markdown’s formatting syntax is to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. 

A software tool, written in Perl, that converts plain text formatting to HTML.

A Markdown document file is saved with a .md or .markdown extension. There are several Markdown applications available for writing Markdown text and converting it into HTML. These applications use a Markdown processor for translating .md files and visualizing them on the web. Besides, you can export the Markdown into other formats like PDF or Docx. Markdown editors that are built for Markdown provide easy approaches to writing documents and previewing how they will exactly look on the web.

Here's a Screenshot taken from Dillinger - Online Markdown Editor


You can add Markdown formatting elements to a plaintext file using a text editor application. Some Popular Applications for Writing Markdown are:

Dingus, Visual Studio Code text editor, Dillinger, Ulysses.

Symbols & characters are used to format text on a Markdown file. You will find the Markdown Syntax on John Gruber's website. 

Let’s learn a few basic formatting techniques:

Hash(#) symbol is used before a word or sentence to format it as a header. A different number of hashes is used to demonstrate the heading from h1 to h6.

Markdown supports another style for H1 and H2. “underlined” uses equal signs (for first-level headers) and dashes (for second-level headers).

*asterisks* or _underscores_ is used to emphasize. A single asterisk or underscore will italicize the text, and a double asterisk or underscore will make the word bold.

To display unordered list, use asterisks or hyphens, or pluses

It uses a combination of brackets for the anchor text and parentheses for the URL

Let's have a look at the table below to learn more about markdown syntax:

Markdown is used in many places. Markdown is widely used in blogging, instant messaging, online forums, collaborative software, documentation pages, and readme files. Different applications and platforms support it for formatting text.

Websites:  You can create text-heavy websites or blogs with Markdown files. Markdown is widely used on forum websites and websites that display user-generated content.  GitHub, Reddit, and Evernote users can write content using Markdown.  

Popular static site generators Jekyll, Hugo, and 11ty support markdown files to build an HTML website. Ghost CMS - an open-source blogging platform with a nice Markdown editor, is another great example.

You can write email messages using Markdown. Some email clients like MailMate and Airmail support Markdown. There is a Markdown browser extension Markdown Here that converts Markdown-formatted text into HTML that’s ready to send.

Various note-taking applications support Markdown, such as Obsidian, Simplenote, Notable, TiddlyWiki, etc. Markdown allows you to edit and arrange notes in a fantastic way.

You can use a Markdown document authoring application to create and export Markdown-formatted documents to PDF or HTML file format

A few Markdown document authoring applications are ghostwriter, Markdown Monster, iA Writer, and MacDown.

You can write a book using Markdown and self-publish your book using apps that turn Markdown-formatted files into eBooks.

Markdown applications are used to create a to-do list and TODO.md files that contain tasks organized in multiple sections. You can create a quick to-do list with checkboxes in your project directory using Markdown. 

Markdown is an excellent tool for writing technical documentation. Companies are switching to a markdown formatting system for their documentation.

There are several applications for creating a documentation website from markdown files. A few popular tools for creating service or product documentation websites are Read the Docs, MkDocs, Docusaurus, etc.

We use markup for almost everything. This open-source language lets writers format plain text and generate different outputs without limitations. 

The key reasons why you should use Markdown are:

Markdown’s syntax is intended to provide easy read-and-write approaches.

It allows for distraction-free writing. Hence It increases efficiency and productivity.

Markdown is better than word processors or WYSIWYG editors like Microsoft word. You don't need to move your mouse over the screen and look for features to format text.

Free to use and a great alternative to paid software like Microsoft Office and Google Suite.

Beginner-friendly and intuitive syntax. After using markdown for a few hours, it will become second nature to you, and you'll be able to use it without worrying about remembering the syntaxes. 

Platform-independent, Every operating system supports Markdown-based content. Markdown files are portable and can be uploaded to any repository and opened in any editor. 

Markdown-based editors are a free alternative to Documentation Software such as easyDITA or Oxygen XML Editor. These authoring tools are not only expensive but also specific in the type of source files they use. Markdown-based service or product documentation can be easily ported across platforms.

Markdown has a very gentle learning curve. You can learn quickly. You don't need to learn a lot of complicated tags, you can type faster, and it works well across platforms. Once you start practicing, You can learn it in no time.

Heads Up, Every Markdown application uses a slightly different version of Markdown. Each one of these Markdown applications implements its own variant of Markdown. These variants are referred to as 'Flavor'. So, you need to learn whichever flavor of Markdown your particular application uses.

You can find lots of resources online for learning Markdown. Here are some useful resources for newbies:

Daring Fireball: Markdown: The original guide by the creator of Markdown John Gruber.

Markdown Guide: A free and open-source reference guide that explains how to use Markdown.

Markdown Tutorial. An open-source website that provides a platform to practice Markdown with instructions. 

GitHub Markdown Docs: Basic Writing and Formatting Syntax tutorial for learning GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM)

W3schools.io:Markdown Tutorial: This eLearning guide covers Markdown tutorials with examples. 

Typesetting Markdown. A multi-part series that describes an ecosystem for typesetting Markdown documents using pandoc and ConTeXt.

Markdown is Futureproof, Used Everywhere and Worth Learning

Markdown's use is continually increasing. The reason behind that is Markdown is a futureproof and standard form of raw text. It is readable by all modern programs and isn't tied to a specific app, exports purely to HTML, and is easy to read. 

Markdown is a wonderful tool for writing formatted text using a plain-text editor. If you write frequently for the web then it's a perfect tool for you. It removes the challenges that you face with word processors or WYSIWYG editors. It gains popularity as a more writer- and reader-friendly syntax. 

Markdown is favored for creating formatted web content. Markdown uses a simple formatting syntax and allows you to use sign and characters you're already familiar with. It is perfectly simple to write and extremely easy to read. 

Markdown is a popular language for creating formatted text using a plain-text editor. Here's a guide on what is Markdown in programming and how you can use it

What is Markdown and How to Use it?

The main asset of any website is content. The more efficient you are in creating, managing, and distributing your website or app content, the more competitive you will be in the digital sphere.

Over the years, several CMS software applications are designed for managing web content. These CMSs enable users to easily create, edit, collaborate, publish and store website content. With CMS software anyone can build and manage a complete website without having any coding knowledge; managing every single element of a website from a user-friendly understandable interface is at your fingertips. 

However, there are two types of CMS: Monolithic CMS and Headless CMS.

A Quick Overview of Traditional CMS vs Headless CMS

Traditional or monolithic CMSs are there since 1990. Monolithic content management systems are an all-in-one solution that lets you store, manage, and publish content to a website. Offers all the necessary tools, plugins, and add-ons to manage a website. However, a traditional CMS tightly coupled the back-end with the front-end. It connects the content layer and presentation layer in a single codebase solution.  

A few examples of traditional open-source CMSs are WordPress, Joomla, Concrete5, Drupal, etc. These offer a variety of built-in features and plug-ins hence these are fantastic choices for those who are willing to design their website without the help of developers. Despite everything, there are notable drawbacks to these CMSs. In many cases, these systems fail to ensure scalability, security, flexibility, and omnichannel delivery. 

Headless CMS decoupled the backend database/content layer from the presentation layer. A headless CMS doesn't provide an interface for end-users like traditional CMSs; instead, it uses APIs to interact with front-end and other software applications. Simply. it contains only a backend system for content storing and the content is made available to end-user via APIs. 

The right headless CMS will allow you to empower your business and make an impressive digital presence. Here is a list of the 5 most popular CMS of 2022. This blog will help you to find the perfect one for your business or project:

Prismic launched in 2013. It is one of the most popular SAAS-based headless CMS for websites and apps. It gives freedom to front-end developers to choose the technology, framework, and programming language they want. This flexible and lightweight CMS application provides a convenient platform for content management.

API-based design and compatible with any technology, programming language, and framework 

Presents an intuitive and extremely simple visual builder.

Supports integrations with eCommerce platforms such as Shopify and Magento.

Provides schedule, previews, full revision history, and drag & drop features.

Prismic's rich text editor and custom-type builder permit composing rich pages without a developer.

Installing and setting is easy and time-saving

User-friendly and intuitive interface hence non-tech users can use

Built-in project management system helps to track current projects, future projects, and archived content  

Companies Using Prismic: Prismic is already trusted by more than 4,000 tech companies including Google, Digital Ocean, eBay, Deliveroo, Rakuten, etc. 

Netlify CMS is an open-source serverless content management system. This all-encompassing content management system offers git-based workflow, editor-friendly user interface, automated deployments, shareable previews, multi-channel publishing, and much more. It gains popularity because of its simplicity and makes it easy to host a static site or JAMStack site. Netlify union created Netlify CMS to fill a gap in the static site generation pipeline.  

Primarily, a single-page React app, that acts as a wrapper for the Git workflow, using the GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket API.

Simplify the task of version controlling and content updating directly in Git. Deploy updates from Github and Gitlab automatically.

Compatible with any static site generators. 

Provide a faster and more secure solution for deploying any type of web project  

Easy installation, fastest static hosting and blazing fast speed through CDN robustifying the process of content creation and distribution. 

Web-based and command-line services both are available. web-based UI introduces rich-text editing, real-time preview, and drag-and-drop media uploads. 

Companies Using Netlify CMS: Some of the companies that use Netlifycms include Berkeley.edu, Kickstartds.com, Andcards.com. Instruqt.com, IT-consultis.com, etc.

Directus is an open-source headless CMS suitable for projects that require customized databases. It instantly turns any SQL database into an API and direct no-code APP. Directus is known as the world’s first open data platform.

It offers an easy way for anyone to create, run and live websites, apps, and web services with cloud-based services in seconds.

It provides an easy-to-use and intuitive platform for both technical and non-technical users. 

It is powered by PHP hence PHP developers find it convenient to go on.

Intuitive and fully customizable User interfaces make it easy to manage content. 

Powerful workflows enable teams to collaborate effectively

Companies using Directus:  The world's most forward-looking organizations are using Directus such as Qualityminds.com, Leafly.com, Localazy.com, The Canadian Government, Tripadvisor, etc.

Strapi is an open-source developer-first headless CMS that allows a developer to use their favorite tools and framework or static site generators. Besides it offers content editors a seamless way to write, edit, manage and deliver any type of content across any device. It is self-hosted hence users don't have to worry about data privacy.

Customizable admin panel and custom plugins boost the content management tasks

Using REST or GraphQL you can go through with Strapi API from any client (React, Vue, Angular), mobile apps, or even IoT devices

The entire codebase is available on GitHub and maintained by hundreds of contributors

Allows to create content structure, define models and add relations according to your business needs

Self-hosted servers or cloud platforms both are available for hosting applications.

Companies using Strapi: Thousands of companies are using Srapi including  IBM, NASA, ASOS, Discovery Channel, Societe Generale, etc. 

This market-leading platform provides Cloud-native API-driven headless CMS. Contentful was purpose-built for creating omnichannel digital experiences. It's a reliable and secure headless CMS infrastructure where you'll get an agile platform for managing content and backend databases.

Customizable UX built for authoring all types of content

It allows publishing content across multiple channels. 

Looking for the most popular CMSs? Here's a list of the top 5 headless CMSs to build cutting-edge business websites; Carefully selected based on an in-depth research

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How to add Google Analytics to your Hugo Site

10 Best Static Website Hosting for 2022

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Top 5 Static Site Generators in 2022 and Beyond

Top 5 Front-end JavaScript Framework In 2022

What is a Static Website?

What is JAMStack?

Your Ocean of Knowledge

How to Add Nested Navigation in Hugo?

Why Is Typescript Becoming So Big? Use Typescript to Build Your Next Project!

How to Add Taxonomies to your Hugo Site?

How to Add Pagination to your Hugo Site?

What is Markdown and How to use it?

What Are the Best Headless CMS Solutions for JAMStack Websites?

JAMstack VS WordPress: Which is On Track?

Top 10 Websites Build on JAMStack

How to add Google Analytics to your Hugo Site

10 Best Static Website Hosting for 2022

How to Install & Setup a Hugo Theme

Top 5 Static Site Generators in 2022 and Beyond

Top 5 Front-end JavaScript Framework In 2022

What is a Static Website?

What is JAMStack?

Your Ocean of
Knowledge